Basic checkmatesStep 1 of 6

The back-rank mate

The most common mate among beginners — and the single pawn move that stops it for good.

After castling your king sits safely behind three pawns. There is just one flaw: those three pawns also block his exit.

A king stuck on his back rank by his own pawns has nowhere to go. A rook or queen arriving on that rank is mate on the spot. This is the back-rank mate — by far the most common mate among beginners, in both directions: those who deliver it and those who walk into it.

Demonstration — use the arrows

Move list

    Start

    The black king is shut in by his own pawns on f7, g7 and h7. The rook lands on e8 and it is over.

    The cure is called luft (German for “air”). Push one pawn — usually h7-h6 — and the king has an escape square. One move, and back-rank mate never works on you again.

    Demonstration — use the arrows

    Move list

      Start

      The rook can still reach e8, but the king escapes to h7. Check, not mate.

      The advice: in almost every game, once you have castled and developed, make luft. It is a move that does nothing for twenty moves, and then saves the game.

      You can practise it in the back-rank mate exercise.

      Your turn

      Your turn

      White to move

      Loading the board…

      Move1 / 1

      Attempts0

      Play your move on the board: drag a piece, or tap it and then tap its destination square.

      Standard notation (Bc4, Nxe5, O-O) or plain squares (f1c4). French piece letters work too: R king, D queen, T rook, F bishop, C knight.

      Mate in one.